Latvians Vote for New Parliament Amid Fears of Russian Hybrid Attack

Latvians are electing a new parliament on Saturday, October 3, 2026, as Prime Minister Andris Kulbergs seeks a full term.

The vote occurs amidst growing concern about potential Russian aggression and fears of Russian hybrid attacks. Latvia, a NATO and European Union member since 2004, borders both Russia and Moscow-allied Belarus, and strongly supports Ukraine in its fight against Moscow’s invasion. Security remains central to the political debate four years after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, with Latvia viewing Russia as its principal security threat.

The country has increased defense spending to nearly five percent of its GDP. A political crisis in May over stray drones, suspected to be from Ukraine, brought down the previous governing coalition. Kulbergs, 47, of the centrist United List party, then led a four-party coalition. His United List party is polling at around 20 percent, but his current coalition is expected to emerge weakened.

Populist parties are gaining ground by focusing on economic concerns, including rising living costs, low wages, and strains on the healthcare system. The populist Sovereign Power party, polling at over nine percent, opposes military aid to Ukraine and increased defense spending. Most major parties have ruled out cooperation with Sovereign Power. Another populist force, Latvia First, polling at about nine percent, could be a viable coalition partner.

Nearly 1.56 million people are eligible to choose the 100 members of the single-chamber Saeima for a four-year term. Parties must secure at least 5% of the vote to win parliamentary seats.